Atkinson D D, Spratley E, Simpson C E
Aspen Systems Corporation, Silver Spring, MD.
Public Health Rep. 1994 Jan-Feb;109(1):77-85.
Historically black colleges and universities have educated significant numbers of black students preparing for careers in medicine. These institutions have the potential to make even greater contributions to the pool of black medical school applicants and ultimately to the supply of black physicians. The Division of Disadvantaged Assistance, Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration within the Public Health Service, commissioned a study of the curriculums and other factors related to premedical education. The study was conducted at the historically black colleges and universities that graduate a large number of students who gain admission to medical school, and the historically black colleges and universities whose students are less successful in gaining admission to medical school. Nine historically black colleges and universities participated in a self-assessment of their undergraduate premedical curriculums. The findings from schools with higher acceptance rates were compared with those of schools with lower acceptance rates to identify factors contributing to the production of significant numbers of successful medical school applicants. Comparisons of data on these schools revealed several important factors that may be related to differences in acceptance rates: Those schools that devoted greater effort to premedical training (for example, advising students about how to prepare for medical school, curriculum development, maintaining premedical or pre-health professions offices and clubs--the staff of these offices provide students with information on medical or other health professions schools--to identify and recruit students) tended to have higher acceptance rates. * Schools with higher acceptance rates had larger proportions of biology and chemistry majors aspiring to medical and dental careers and stronger affiliations with medical schools than schools with lower acceptance rates.* Institutions with higher acceptance rates offered a broader range of externally sponsored enrichment programs; the highest medical school acceptance rates were found among those schools with continuing Health Careers Opportunity Program projects that served significant percentages of students interested in careers in medicine.* Mean Medical College Admission Test scores were somewhat lower for applicants from schools with lower acceptance rates, but the great variation in acceptance rates for these schools is not reflected in a comparable variation in the Medical College Admission Test scores.
历史上的黑人学院和大学培养了大量准备从事医学职业的黑人学生。这些机构有潜力为黑人医学院申请者群体做出更大贡献，并最终增加黑人医生的供应量。公共卫生服务部卫生职业局弱势援助司委托进行了一项关于与医学预科教育相关的课程及其他因素的研究。该研究在以下两类历史上的黑人学院和大学开展：一类是大量毕业生被医学院录取的学校，另一类是学生在医学院录取方面成功率较低的学校。九所历史上的黑人学院和大学参与了对其本科医学预科课程的自我评估。将录取率较高的学校的研究结果与录取率较低的学校的结果进行比较，以确定有助于培养大量成功的医学院申请者的因素。对这些学校数据的比较揭示了几个可能与录取率差异相关的重要因素：那些在医学预科培训上投入更多精力的学校（例如，为学生提供如何准备医学院的建议、课程开发、维持医学预科或健康职业前办公室及俱乐部——这些办公室的工作人员为学生提供有关医学院或其他健康职业学校的信息，以识别和招募学生）往往录取率较高。录取率较高的学校有更大比例的生物学和化学专业学生有志于从事医学和牙科职业，并且与医学院的联系比录取率较低的学校更紧密。录取率较高的机构提供了更广泛的外部资助的丰富项目；在那些有持续的健康职业机会项目且服务了相当比例对医学职业感兴趣的学生的学校中，医学院录取率最高。录取率较低的学校的申请者的医学院入学考试平均成绩略低，但这些学校录取率的巨大差异并未在医学院入学考试成绩的可比差异中体现出来。
