Bone biopsy.

Neoplasia is the most common cause of bone lesions in small animals. A definitive diagnosis is required to determine an accurate prognosis and to formulate effective treatment options. Each lesion should be characterized as accurately as possible by evaluation of patient history, signalment, laboratory findings, and the radiographic appearance and location of the lesion. A bone biopsy is recommended for lesions that require histological characterization or culture and susceptibility testing. The biopsy technique of choice should be properly planned to provide accurate sampling of the lesion, to produce the least morbidity possible, and to avoid interferences with future surgical treatment. Approximately 94% of lesions can be definitively diagnosed on the first biopsy attempt if the center of the lesion and the transitional zone between the lesion and normal bone are accurately sampled. Use of a guide wire and prebiopsy radiographs help ensure accurate sampling. A diagnosis of reactive bone is usually an indication for a second biopsy or for close clinical and radiographic monitoring of the lesion.