Purification and characterization of an aminopeptidase from tuna (Thunnus albacares) pyloric caeca.

An aminopeptidase was purified from a water soluble fraction of tuna pyloric caeca by heat treatment, Zn2+ fractionation, ion exchange on a DEAE cellulose column, gel filtration on Fractogel TSK-55, and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) on IDA(Cu2+/Zn2+)-Sepharose 6B. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 150,000 on Sephacryl S-300 HR, and was found to be near 72,000 by SDS-PAGE. The aminopeptidase, which is a glycoprotein rich in acidic amino acids, is optimally active at pH 8.8 and 65 degrees C. The enzyme activity was not affected by Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, PMSF, iPr2FP, 4-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, iodoacetamide, puromycin, and cysteine but it was strongly inhibited by metal chelators (EDTA and o-phenanthroline), amastatin, Hg2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+. The enzyme was also inhibited by some L-amino acids. Kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined with some aminoacyl-p-nitroanilides and aminoacyl-beta-naphthylamides. L-Alanine-p-nitroanilide and L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide were hydrolysed most rapidly while the highest hydrolytic coefficient (kcat/Km) value was obtained with L-methionine-p-nitroanilide. The apoaminopeptidase was prepared and reconstitution of an active enzyme was carried out using metal chelating interaction chromatography on an IDA-Sepharose 6B column charged with a metal ion. Full activity was restored with Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Al3+. Zn(2+)-Enzyme was the most thermostable form of the aminopeptidase. Reversal inhibition by Cu2+ and Cd2+ was also examined. When the aminopeptidase was partially deglycosylated by a treatment with N-glycosidase F some of its physical properties differed from that of the native enzyme: its electrophoretic mobility was reduced and its stability to denaturation by SDS and by ionic strength were lower than those of the untreated enzyme. All together, our results indicate that the tuna pyloric caeca aminopeptidase is distinct from the peptide hydrolases characterized in the literature.