Cates N
Dominican College, Orangeburg, New York.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1993;37(4):271-6. doi: 10.2190/YHAL-CMG8-CLFL-VG12.
Both Denmark and Sweden have achieved a reduction in institutionalization of elderly individuals; 23 percent nursing home care in Denmark from 1980-89 and 34 percent overall institutionalization in Sweden from 1970-1985. This was accomplished by increasing home care and housing with services and adaptations. Further increases in growth of the elderly population combined with modest economic expansion will be the forces responsible for finding additional alternatives to costly institutional care. Community-based services and care have not been demonstrated at this time to be less costly than institutional care. An illustration of an innovative model of nursing home care in Denmark is described. The medical model of care was abandoned in favor of a self-care model for the purpose of fostering independent living and decision-making as long as possible. In Sweden, a reduction in demand for beds in a long-term care hospital has been achieved through a tightly coordinated system of care and services among the various health and social service professionals.
丹麦和瑞典都实现了老年人口机构化的减少；丹麦在1980 - 1989年期间养老院护理减少了23%，瑞典在1970 - 1985年期间总体机构化减少了34%。这是通过增加居家护理以及提供服务和适应性改造的住房来实现的。老年人口的进一步增长，再加上适度的经济扩张，将促使人们寻找更多替代昂贵机构护理的方法。目前，基于社区的服务和护理尚未证明比机构护理成本更低。文中描述了丹麦一种创新型养老院护理模式的实例。为了尽可能促进独立生活和决策，护理的医疗模式被摒弃，转而采用自我护理模式。在瑞典，通过各卫生和社会服务专业人员之间紧密协调的护理和服务体系，长期护理医院的床位需求有所减少。
