Hung S S, Storebakken T
Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616-8521.
J Nutr. 1994 Feb;124(2):223-30. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.2.223.
A 16-wk experiment was conducted to compare the utilization of four carbohydrates by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed either continuously or four meals daily. The carbohydrates were glucose, maltose, dextrin and raw cornstarch, and were included at 32 g/100 g diet. Average initial body weight of the fish was 5.5 g, and fish were fed at a restricted rate of 2.0% body wt/d. Significant (P < 0.05) interactions between feeding strategy and carbohydrate were observed only for specific growth rate, final body weight, feed efficiency, and protein and energy retained. These measurements as well as whole-body moisture and lipid concentrations were also significantly higher in the continuously fed trout than in the meal-fed trout. Liver weight:body weight ratio, liver glycogen concentration, and liver lipogenic enzyme activities generally were higher in the continuously fed trout than in the meal-fed trout. Trout fed the glucose diet and those fed the maltose diet had higher specific growth rates, final body weights, feed efficiencies, energy retained, and whole-body and visceral moisture and lipid concentrations than those fed the starch diet. Trout continuously fed the glucose and maltose diets also had higher glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities than those continuously fed the starch diet. The higher protein and energy retained and the higher lipogenic enzyme activities in the continuously fed fish compared with the meal-fed fish showed that in trout growing slowly due to a restricted ration, continuous feeding improved the carbohydrate utilization and increased lipid storage by enhancing lipogenesis.
进行了一项为期16周的实验，以比较虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）连续投喂或每日投喂四餐时对四种碳水化合物的利用率。碳水化合物为葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精和生玉米淀粉，在日粮中的添加量为32 g/100 g。鱼的平均初始体重为5.5 g，投喂量限制在鱼体重的2.0%/天。仅在特定生长率、终末体重、饲料效率以及保留的蛋白质和能量方面观察到投喂策略与碳水化合物之间存在显著（P < 0.05）的交互作用。连续投喂的虹鳟在这些指标以及全身水分和脂质浓度方面也显著高于每日四餐投喂的虹鳟。连续投喂的虹鳟肝脏重量与体重之比、肝脏糖原浓度和肝脏脂肪生成酶活性通常高于每日四餐投喂的虹鳟。投喂葡萄糖日粮和投喂麦芽糖日粮的虹鳟比投喂淀粉日粮的虹鳟具有更高的特定生长率、终末体重、饲料效率、保留的能量以及全身和内脏的水分和脂质浓度。连续投喂葡萄糖和麦芽糖日粮的虹鳟与连续投喂淀粉日粮的虹鳟相比，葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶活性也更高。与每日四餐投喂的鱼相比，连续投喂的鱼保留了更高的蛋白质和能量，脂肪生成酶活性也更高，这表明在因投喂量受限而生长缓慢的虹鳟中，连续投喂通过增强脂肪生成提高了碳水化合物利用率并增加了脂质储存。
