Pierratos A E, Khalaff H, Cheng P T, Psihramis K, Jewett M A
Division of Nephrology, Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Urol. 1994 Mar;151(3):571-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35017-6.
To examine the factors and patient characteristics predisposing to formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate kidney stones, we compared blood and 24-hour urine tests, gender distribution and patient age in 2 groups of patients with pure calcium oxalate monohydrate (422) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (68) stones treated at the lithotripsy unit of the Wellesley Hospital and University of Toronto during 4 years. The calcium oxalate monohydrate group included relatively more women (31% versus 16% in the calcium oxalate dihydrate group, chi-square 7.89, p = 0.005). Patients were older in the calcium oxalate monohydrate group (59 +/- 13 versus 51 +/- 13 years, p = 0.001). The calcium oxalate monohydrate group had lower urinary calcium (4.19 +/- 2.34 versus 7.19 +/- 3.38 mmol. per day, p < 0.0001), calcium oxalate relative saturation rate (6.9 +/- 3.9 versus 8.9 +/- 3.3, p = 0.001), brushite relative saturation rate (0.7 +/- 0.8 versus 1.2 +/- 0.9, p = 0.0001) and urinary pH (5.72 +/- 0.75 versus 5.93 +/- 0.72). When corrected for patient age and gender, the calcium oxalate dihydrate group still had higher urine calcium levels. Higher urine pH in the calcium oxalate dihydrate group was age-related. In summary, we present evidence that calcium oxalate dihydrate stones are relatively more common among younger male patients with higher urine calcium levels and higher urine pH.
为研究导致一水草酸钙或二水草酸钙肾结石形成的因素及患者特征，我们比较了在4年期间于韦尔斯利医院和多伦多大学碎石科接受治疗的两组患者，一组为单纯一水草酸钙结石患者（422例），另一组为二水草酸钙结石患者（68例）的血液和24小时尿液检测结果、性别分布及患者年龄。一水草酸钙组女性相对较多（31%，而二水草酸钙组为16%，卡方检验χ² = 7.89，p = 0.005）。一水草酸钙组患者年龄较大（59±13岁，而二水草酸钙组为51±13岁，p = 0.001）。一水草酸钙组尿钙水平较低（4.19±2.34 mmol/天，而二水草酸钙组为7.19±3.38 mmol/天，p < 0.0001），草酸钙相对饱和度较低（6.9±3.9，而二水草酸钙组为8.9±3.3，p = 0.001），磷酸氢钙相对饱和度较低（0.7±0.8，而二水草酸钙组为1.2±0.9，p = 0.0001），尿液pH值较低（5.72±0.75，而二水草酸钙组为5.93±0.72）。校正患者年龄和性别后，二水草酸钙组尿钙水平仍较高。二水草酸钙组较高的尿液pH值与年龄相关。总之，我们的研究表明，二水草酸钙结石在尿钙水平较高且尿液pH值较高的年轻男性患者中相对更为常见。
