Mayfield R D, Randall P K, Spirduso W W, Wilcox R E
Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Austin 78712.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993 Dec;46(4):759-68. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90198-3.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether selectively blocking D1 and D2 dopamine receptors produces a differential effect on the characteristics (speed and success) of the reaction time response in rats. Animals were shaped to release a lever in response to an auditory/visual stimulus to avoid mild foot shock. The selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0, 70, and 100 micrograms/kg, IP) and the selective D2 antagonists spiperone (0, 1, and 10 micrograms/kg, IP) and haloperidol (0, 10, and 100 micrograms/kg, IP) were studied for their effects on successful avoidance and response latency. SCH 23390 impaired successful avoidance and increased response latencies in a dose-dependent manner. Spiperone and haloperidol also produced dose-related decreases in successful avoidance. In contrast to the dose-related increase in response latencies produced by SCH 23990, 1 microgram/kg spiperone and 10 micrograms/kg haloperidol significantly decreased the latencies of successful responses. Spiperone (10 micrograms/kg) had little effect on response latencies, while 100 micrograms/kg haloperidol increased them. The results of these experiments demonstrate that reaction time is differentially affected by selective dopamine receptor blockade and that the speed and success of reaction time responses can be independently modulated by D1 vs. D2 receptor activity.
本研究的目的是确定选择性阻断D1和D2多巴胺受体是否会对大鼠反应时间响应的特征（速度和成功率）产生不同影响。训练动物在听到听觉/视觉刺激时释放杠杆以避免轻度足部电击。研究了选择性D1拮抗剂SCH 23390（0、70和100微克/千克，腹腔注射）以及选择性D2拮抗剂螺哌隆（0、1和10微克/千克，腹腔注射）和氟哌啶醇（0、10和100微克/千克，腹腔注射）对成功回避和反应潜伏期的影响。SCH 23390以剂量依赖性方式损害成功回避并延长反应潜伏期。螺哌隆和氟哌啶醇也导致成功回避率出现剂量相关的下降。与SCH 23990引起的反应潜伏期剂量相关增加相反，1微克/千克的螺哌隆和10微克/千克的氟哌啶醇显著缩短了成功反应的潜伏期。10微克/千克的螺哌隆对反应潜伏期影响不大，而100微克/千克的氟哌啶醇则延长了反应潜伏期。这些实验结果表明，反应时间受选择性多巴胺受体阻断的影响存在差异，并且反应时间响应的速度和成功率可由D1与D2受体活性独立调节。
