[New approach to implantation of automatic defibrillators using video-thoracoscopy].

Nonthoracotomy lead systems are increasingly used in patients (pts) with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). In this setting, due to high energy requirements, a subcutaneous patch may be necessary in addition to endocardial leads. However in some patients, high defibrillation threshold (DT) may persist leading to thoracotomy for epicardial patch placement. In a preliminary experience, 3 patients with high DT (> 20J) following endocardial lead system, underwent the insertion of a extrapericardial patch under video-thoracoscopic control. A left subcostal incision extended to the left pleural cavity was performed. Using thoracoscopy the patch was positioned on the pericardium, sutured and connected to the defibrillator. DTs were 10, 10 and 20 J respectively in our 3 patients. Postoperative course was uneventful. Thoracoscopy allows other techniques such as a stellectomy, which we performed in a 33 year old woman with long QT syndrome. Patients were reassessed after 8 days and 2 months. Termination of induced ventricular fibrillation was achieved with the same minimal energy levels used peroperatively. In conclusion, extrapericardial patch insertion using thoracoscopy may help reduce DT in ICD patients with a non thoracotomy lead system. Comparison with other lead configurations requires further investigation.