Andrade J, Meudell P
MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1993 May;46(2):365-75. doi: 10.1080/14640749308401051.
A dual-task paradigm was used to test Hasher and Zacks' (1979) hypothesis that spatial memory is automatic. Subjects saw two sets of 16 words each, the words being presented singly in random corners of a monitor screen. They were asked to remember the words and the corner in which each word was shown. In addition, subjects were given a concurrent task to perform. This task was either "easy" (counting aloud by ones) or "difficult" (counting aloud by sevens). Attention was focused either on the memory task or on the counting task. Word recognition was better when subjects carried out the easier competing counting task and when subjects concentrated mainly upon remembering the words and their positions. Contingent spatial memory was unaffected by either manipulation, supporting the hypothesis that spatial memory is automatic.
采用双任务范式来检验哈舍和扎克斯（1979）提出的空间记忆是自动的这一假设。受试者观看两组每组16个单词，单词逐个出现在显示器屏幕的随机角落。他们被要求记住单词以及每个单词出现的角落。此外，给受试者一项并发任务去执行。这项任务要么是“简单的”（逐个大声数数），要么是“困难的”（七个七个大声数数）。注意力要么集中在记忆任务上，要么集中在数数任务上。当受试者执行较简单的竞争性数数任务时，以及当受试者主要专注于记住单词及其位置时，单词识别效果更好。附带空间记忆不受任何一种操作的影响，这支持了空间记忆是自动的这一假设。
