Goffart Y
Centre Hospitalier de La Citadelle, Liège, Belgique.
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1993;47(2):111-20.
Patency of the upper airways is maintained by an adjustable balance between the level of tonic and phasic upper airway dilator muscle activity and closing forces generated by inspiratory negative pressure, gravity and surface tension. During sleep, dilator muscle tone is decreased, producing elevated respiratory resistances. During exercise, increased ventilation is normally associated with combined oronasal breathing. Various receptors are implicated to maintain an adequate level of respiratory resistances.
上呼吸道的通畅是通过上呼吸道扩张肌的紧张性和相位性活动水平与吸气负压、重力和表面张力产生的闭合力之间的可调节平衡来维持的。在睡眠期间，扩张肌张力降低，导致呼吸阻力升高。在运动期间，通气增加通常与口鼻联合呼吸有关。多种感受器参与维持适当水平的呼吸阻力。
