Heinrichs R W
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am Psychol. 1993 Mar;48(3):221-33. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.48.3.221.
In this article I describe 3 conditions for understanding schizophrenia as a kind of brain disease. First, the disorder must cohere as a clinical entity that is distinct from other disorders. Second, schizophrenia must be linked with an identifiable neuropathology. Third, implicated brain systems must have behavioral functions that fit the psychological characteristics actually seen in schizophrenia. In each case, the evidence is weak or equivocal. However, this does not mean that neurogenic interpretations are untenable. Instead, the primacy of problems associated with the first condition, the need to parse schizophrenia and reduce heterogeneity, must be recognized. Progress in understanding schizophrenia depends on a neurobehavioral approach to resolving the heterogeneity problem.
在本文中，我描述了将精神分裂症理解为一种脑部疾病的三个条件。首先，该病症必须作为一种与其他病症不同的临床实体而连贯一致。其次，精神分裂症必须与可识别的神经病理学相关联。第三，涉及的脑系统必须具有与精神分裂症中实际观察到的心理特征相匹配的行为功能。在每种情况下，证据都很薄弱或模棱两可。然而，这并不意味着神经源性解释站不住脚。相反，必须认识到与第一个条件相关的问题的首要性，即需要剖析精神分裂症并减少异质性。理解精神分裂症的进展取决于一种解决异质性问题的神经行为方法。
