Goodman N W, Dow A C
University Department of Anaesthesia, Medical School Unit, Southmead Hospital, Bristol.
Br J Anaesth. 1993 May;70(5):536-41. doi: 10.1093/bja/70.5.536.
Spontaneous augmented breaths (active sighs) reduced the tidal volume and inspiratory time of succeeding breaths; manual lung inflations (passive sighs) reduced the tidal volume but had little effect on inspiratory time. Sighs in air, whether active or passive, reduced tidal volume more than sighs in hyperoxia (100% oxygen or 33% oxygen in nitrous oxide) after both active and passive sighs (overall difference about 10%); the reduction in inspiratory time after a sigh was less affected by gas mixture. Calculated mean inspiratory flow was reduced after passive sighs, but active sighs were more likely to cause arousal, which complicated the analysis. Tidal volume was reduced after a sigh partly because of reduced peripheral chemoreceptor input, the main effect of which was to reduce inspiratory flow, and partly because inspiratory time was shorter. Although the chemoreceptors may affect inspiratory time after a sigh, the greater effect of active sighs compared with passive sighs makes it likely that the shortening was either part of the neural output that causes spontaneous sighs, or was caused by mechanoreceptor input not mimicked by manual lung inflation.
自发性增强呼吸（主动叹息）会降低后续呼吸的潮气量和吸气时间；手动肺充气（被动叹息）会降低潮气量，但对吸气时间影响不大。无论是主动还是被动，空气中的叹息比高氧环境（100%氧气或一氧化二氮中33%氧气）中的叹息更能降低潮气量（主动和被动叹息后总体差异约为10%）；叹息后吸气时间的缩短受气体混合物的影响较小。被动叹息后计算得出的平均吸气流量降低，但主动叹息更易引起觉醒，这使分析变得复杂。叹息后潮气量降低部分是因为外周化学感受器输入减少，其主要作用是降低吸气流量，部分是因为吸气时间缩短。虽然化学感受器可能会影响叹息后的吸气时间，但与被动叹息相比，主动叹息的影响更大，这使得吸气时间缩短很可能要么是导致自发性叹息的神经输出的一部分，要么是由手动肺充气未模拟的机械感受器输入引起的。
