Guggenheim K Y
Department of Nutrition, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Nutr. 1993 Jul;123(7):1189-94. doi: 10.1093/jn/123.7.1189.
Paracelsus (1493-1541) was a Swiss chemist and physician. As professor of medicine in Basel, he violently opposed traditional Galenic medicine and emphasized direct observation instead. His nonconformist views and rough behaviour led to his expulsion after less than a year. He led an itinerant life, practicing medicine, writing books and studying diseases of miners. Paracelcus believed in an immaterial principle, the "alchemist," that converted food into body substance. Every animal species, he believed, was endowed with its own alchemist, adapted to its needs. Paracelcus introduced chemical thinking into medicine (iatrochemistry) and nutrition. Today, he remains a controversial figure. Other Renaissance scientists (Fernel, Vesalius) criticized traditional medicine without completely rejecting it. Leonardo da Vinci developed original views on nutrition, based on his anatomical studies. His views were, however, without influence, because he did not publish.
帕拉塞尔苏斯（1493 - 1541）是一位瑞士化学家和医生。作为巴塞尔的医学教授，他强烈反对传统的盖伦医学，转而强调直接观察。他不墨守成规的观点和粗暴的行为导致他在不到一年后就被驱逐。他过着流浪的生活，行医、写书并研究矿工疾病。帕拉塞尔苏斯相信一种非物质的原理，即“炼金术士”，它能将食物转化为身体物质。他认为每个动物物种都被赋予了适合其需求的自身的炼金术士。帕拉塞尔苏斯将化学思维引入医学（医化学）和营养学。如今，他仍然是一个有争议的人物。其他文艺复兴时期的科学家（费尔内尔、维萨里）批评传统医学但并未完全摒弃它。列奥纳多·达·芬奇基于他的解剖学研究对营养提出了独到的观点。然而，他的观点没有产生影响，因为他没有发表。
