Kraus J F, Anderson C L, Arzemanian S, Salatka M, Hemyari P, Sun G
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1772.
Accid Anal Prev. 1993 Jun;25(3):229-39. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(93)90018-r.
Two types of crashes are common on urban freeways: in-lane rear-end impacts with stopped or slowed vehicles and those where a vehicle leaves the roadway (and road shoulder) and impacts with obstacles outside traffic lanes. Crashes resulting in a fatal or severe injury to a vehicle occupant were identified from crash records in the regional office of the California Department of Transportation for the 1,500 miles of freeways in Los Angeles, Ventura, and Orange counties, California, for 1984 and 1985. Selected road characteristics were assessed and traffic-volume data obtained for these freeways to determine the relationship of these types of crashes to freeway features. Fatal- or severe-injury crash rates were highest for off-road crashes compared with in-lane crashes, with certain lanes having more frequent in-lane collisions and with a higher rate of in-lane crashes in freeway segments without a left shoulder. Off-road collisions were significantly more frequent in the absence of a right shoulder and on freeways with two or three lanes. Multivariate analyses that control for selected confounding factors such as traffic volume show similar findings including strong association with hour of crash.
与停车或减速车辆发生的车道内追尾碰撞，以及车辆驶离道路（和路肩）并与车行道外障碍物碰撞的事故。从加利福尼亚州交通运输部地区办公室的撞车记录中，识别出1984年和1985年在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶、文图拉和奥兰治县1500英里高速公路上导致车辆乘员死亡或重伤的撞车事故。评估了选定的道路特征，并获取了这些高速公路的交通流量数据，以确定这些类型的撞车事故与高速公路特征之间的关系。与车道内撞车事故相比，路外撞车事故的致命或重伤撞车率最高，某些车道的车道内碰撞更频繁，且在没有左侧路肩的高速公路路段，车道内撞车率更高。在没有右侧路肩的情况下以及在有两条或三条车道的高速公路上，路外碰撞明显更频繁。控制交通流量等选定混杂因素的多变量分析显示了类似的结果，包括与撞车时间的强烈关联。
