Jones H D, Schliwa M, Drubin D G
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1993;25(2):129-42. doi: 10.1002/cm.970250203.
By adapting the time-lapse video microscopy techniques that were developed for larger, more complex cells, to living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, intracellular organelle movements were observed. Differential interference contrast optics revealed an organelle transport process in cells treated with mating pheromone. Small particles were observed to travel distances of up to 6 microns at rates of 0.11-0.17 (and in one case 0.80) micron/sec. Overall, the frequency of these motile events was quite low compared to what is observed in cell types traditionally studied by video microscopy. The ability to discern clearly the vacuole and nucleus in budding yeast revealed the dynamics of these organelles and the fact that their movements are carefully orchestrated during the cell cycle. Two types of vacuolar dynamics were observed: 1) interconversion between one large organelle and numerous smaller organelles and 2) the formation of projections that extend from the mother cell's vacuole into the bud. When applied to the study of the many available cytoskeletal and cell cycle mutants, the application of video microscopy to the study of organelle movements in living yeast cells will provide a unique opportunity to determine the molecular mechanisms of intracellular motility and to elucidate the temporal controls over these processes.
通过将为更大、更复杂的细胞开发的延时视频显微镜技术应用于活的酿酒酵母细胞，观察到了细胞内细胞器的运动。微分干涉相差光学显微镜揭示了用交配信息素处理的细胞中的细胞器运输过程。观察到小颗粒以0.11 - 0.17（在一个案例中为0.80）微米/秒的速度移动长达6微米的距离。总体而言，与传统上通过视频显微镜研究的细胞类型相比，这些运动事件的频率相当低。在出芽酵母中清晰辨别液泡和细胞核的能力揭示了这些细胞器的动态变化以及它们在细胞周期中运动被精心编排的事实。观察到两种类型的液泡动态变化：1）一个大的细胞器与众多较小的细胞器之间的相互转化，以及2）从母细胞的液泡延伸到芽中的突起的形成。当应用于对许多可用的细胞骨架和细胞周期突变体的研究时，视频显微镜在活酵母细胞细胞器运动研究中的应用将为确定细胞内运动的分子机制以及阐明对这些过程的时间控制提供独特的机会。
