Diagnosis and treatment of cluster headache.

Cluster headache (CH) is a rare form of headache occurring in both episodic and chronic forms. The painful attacks are short-lived, occur unilaterally, and are associated with signs and symptoms of autonomic involvement. Attacks frequently occur at night and can be precipitated by ingestion of alcohol. In the episodic form, attacks occur daily for some weeks followed by a period of remission. In the chronic form, attacks can continue for years. Inheritance is not a factor in CH. Treatment can be symptomatic or prophylactic. Agents used to treat individual attacks include inhalation of oxygen, rapidly acting forms of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, and sumatriptan. Prophylactic treatment employs calcium-channel-blocking agents, methysergide, lithium, and corticosteroids. Surgical modalities, notably thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion, can provide relief in those who are resistant to medical management.