Characterization of the in vitro hepatocyte model for toxicological evaluation: repeated growth stimulation and glutathione response.

Hepatocytes in culture represent a useful model for investigating the effects of toxic agents on liver cells. However, further development of this model is hampered by the difficulty in promoting cell proliferation over prolonged periods and the lack of knowledge about the biochemical status of the cells relevant to the toxic response under proliferation conditions. In an effort to overcome these limitations, this work focused on the establishment of conditions to ameliorate the promotion of hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. It also examined the effects of growth stimuli on the levels of glutathione (GSH), a highly significant parameter influencing the resistance against toxic agents. In addition, albumin secretion was monitored as an indicator of liver-specific functions. Two modified L-15 media were developed: medium A for supporting cell differentiation, and medium B for promotion of proliferation. Collagen and Matrigel were used as substrata. In medium A, the time course of GSH levels was comparable for both substrata, with an initial increase followed by a plateau and then by a progressive decrease from the second to the fourth week. Hepatocytes cultured on collagen and sequentially exposed to medium B (containing epidermal growth factor +/- norepinephrine) and medium A, showed repeated responsiveness to stimulation of DNA synthesis. Moreover, for cultures on collagen, a higher GSH content was observed in parallel with DNA synthesis stimulation, while albumin secretion was diminished. Although cells on Matrigel were refractory to DNA synthesis stimulation, GSH levels were still increased upon exposure to the growth factors, while under these conditions, albumin synthesis remained unaltered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)