Trost R F, Arthur R M, Geselowitz D B, Briller S A
J Electrocardiol. 1977 Jan;10(1):27-38. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0736(77)80028-9.
A lead system was constructed to extract dipole and quadrupole components of cardiac sources from surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) recorded at 16 sites. The lead system was based on an analysis of a computerized model of a multipole equivalent cardiac generator in a homogeneous torso. The model was previously determined from extensive geometric and electrocardiographic data obtained from one subject. Dipole components estimated with the lead system were 89% accurate for the original subject. Evaluation of the lead system on this subject and in 59 other subjects included calculation of the effect of non-dipolar sources on the values of the estimated dipole components, comparison of the consistency of equivalent sources found independently at two origins in the heart region, and reconstruction of ECGs from lead system components. Dipole consistency at the origins was maintained over the wide range of age, weight, and body shape which characterized the subject population. Whereas quadrupole terms did not agree as well as the dipole terms, inclusion of the quadrupole reduced ECG reconstruction errors by a factor of about three compared to errors for the dipole alone. Together, the dipole and quadrupole accounted for almost 90% of the electrocardiographic information measured on the body surface with the D/Q lead system.
构建了一个导联系统，用于从在16个部位记录的体表心电图（ECG）中提取心脏源的偶极和四极分量。该导联系统基于对均匀躯干中多极等效心脏发生器的计算机模型的分析。该模型先前是根据从一名受试者获得的大量几何和心电图数据确定的。用该导联系统估计的偶极分量对原始受试者的准确率为89%。对该受试者和其他59名受试者进行的导联系统评估包括计算非偶极源对估计的偶极分量值的影响、比较在心脏区域两个原点独立发现的等效源的一致性，以及从导联系统分量重建心电图。在表征受试人群的广泛年龄、体重和体型范围内，原点处的偶极一致性得以保持。虽然四极项的一致性不如偶极项，但与仅使用偶极时的误差相比，包含四极项可将心电图重建误差降低约三倍。偶极和四极一起占了使用D/Q导联系统在体表测量的心电图信息的近90%。
