Barkovich A J, Maroldo T V
Department of Radiology, University of Carlifornia, San Francisco.
Top Magn Reson Imaging. 1993 Spring;5(2):96-122.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves our ability to assess brain development and to detect anomalies of brain formation. MRI allows the assessment of brain development by analysis of the effects of myelination on the T1 and T2 relaxation times of the pediatric brain. This article discusses specific imaging strategies and the normal progression of signal intensity changes. Familiarity with this evolution of signal changes allows an estimation of the approximate stage of brain development. High-resolution multiplanar MRI provides good anatomic detail, with excellent distinction between gray and white matter. This technique allows improved detection of many classes of abnormalities of brain formation, some of which were previously detectable only at autopsy. These malformations and their imaging characteristics are discussed under the headings of: corpus callosal dysgenesis, intracranial lipomas, holoprosencephalies, septooptic dysplasia, the cephaloceles, the Chiari malformations, the Dandy-Walker complex, the cerebellar anomalies including Joubert's syndrome, and rhombencephalosynapsis, and the spectrum of neuronal migration anomalies.
磁共振成像（MRI）提高了我们评估脑发育以及检测脑形成异常的能力。MRI通过分析髓鞘形成对小儿脑T1和T2弛豫时间的影响来评估脑发育。本文讨论了具体的成像策略以及信号强度变化的正常进展。熟悉这种信号变化的演变有助于估计脑发育的大致阶段。高分辨率多平面MRI提供了良好的解剖细节，能出色地区分灰质和白质。该技术能更好地检测多种类型的脑形成异常，其中一些以前只能在尸检时检测到。这些畸形及其成像特征将在以下标题下进行讨论：胼胝体发育不全、颅内脂肪瘤、前脑无裂畸形、视隔发育不良、脑膨出、Chiari畸形、Dandy-Walker复合体、包括Joubert综合征在内的小脑异常、菱形脑联会，以及神经元迁移异常谱。
