Tschäpe H, Prager R, Bender L, Ott M, Blum G, Hacker J
Bundesgesundheitsamt, Robert Koch-Institut, Bereich Wernigerode, Germany.
Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1993 Apr;278(2-3):425-35. doi: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80859-5.
The epidemiology of infectious diseases intends to disclose the infection routes and sources of the respective diseases in order to provide preventive measures. The success of such a task is directly dependent on the knowledge about the special biological quality and the environmental distribution of the causative agents. This will imply extensive laboratory analysis rather than statistical surveys. The laboratory analysis for epidemiological purposes comprises a set of sophisticated methods for the subdifferentiation of the isolates (e.g. serofermentative and electrotyping, genomic fingerprinting). These methods provide circumstantial evidence of genetic and thus, epidemiological relatedness. Also the dissection of the pathogenic personality of the respective infectious agents was shown to have epidemiologic implications. However, the virulence pattern and the pattern of the genomic position of the respective determinants were found to be well conserved. For this reason, the dissection of virulence factors in comparison to other clonal properties must be regarded only as an additional marker for epidemiological discrimination. Moreover, any form of epidemic virulence remains to be detected by future analysis.
传染病流行病学旨在揭示各疾病的感染途径和源头，以便提供预防措施。这项任务的成功直接取决于对病原体特殊生物学特性和环境分布的了解。这意味着需要进行广泛的实验室分析而非统计调查。用于流行病学目的的实验室分析包括一套用于分离株亚分化的精密方法（如血清发酵分型和电分型、基因组指纹分析）。这些方法提供了遗传相关性以及由此而来的流行病学相关性的间接证据。此外，对各传染病病原体致病性特征的剖析也显示出具有流行病学意义。然而，发现各决定因素的毒力模式和基因组位置模式保存完好。因此，与其他克隆特性相比，对毒力因子的剖析只能被视为流行病学鉴别的一个附加标记。此外，任何形式的流行毒力仍有待未来分析去发现。
