Freud's brain: toward a unified neuropsychodynamic model of personality and psychotherapy.

Neuropsychological findings and principles are not by themselves sufficient to provide definitive answers to broad questions of personality, psychopathology, or psychodynamics, nor should they be seen as attempting to usurp other approaches. This review has briefly noted some of the directions in which neuropsychology is being applied to psychoanalysis and psychodynamic personality theory, as well as to clinical practice. The purpose of any model is to try to weave disparate observations and findings into a coherent theoretical framework that can be productively employed for further clinical and research purposes. To this end, the neuropsychodynamic approach can contribute. Man--as Freud recognized--is neither "organic" or "functional." He is both, and our commitment to psychological knowledge must entail a search for unities.