Jacquet A, Sorbette F, Montastruc J L
Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse.
Therapie. 1993 Mar-Apr;48(2):141-4.
The eighties were characterized by the introduction of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) in the treatment of arterial hypertension. The present study investigates the side effects of antihypertensive drugs in the Toulouse University Hospital (France) between 1981 and 1990. Most of the side effects involved ACEI (45%), CCB (22%) and diuretics (18%). Central antihypertensive agents and beta-blocking drugs were involved in 8 and 9% of side effects respectively. During these 10 years, 197 side effects were reported in our hospital (3300 beds). Some of them were found more frequently: renal insufficiency (15%) or cough (9%) with ACEI, constipation (3%), gingivitis (1%) or lower limb oedema (4.5%) with CCB, hemolytic or autoimmune anemia (2.5%) and confusional state (1.5%) with central antihypertensive agents, nightmares (1.5%) with propranolol. The most frequently side effects were dermatological (20%), hydroelectrolytic (10%) and neuropsychiatric (9.6%) disturbances. In spite of the methodological problems of this kind of study (retrospective evaluation, under-notification of the side effects and different scores of imputability), these data indicate the most frequently observed side effects of antihypertensive agents during the eighties. It allows to estimate an approximate frequency of these side effects: among the antihypertensive drugs, CCB and diuretics seems the less frequently involved in the occurrence of reported side effects.
二十世纪八十年代的特点是引入了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）和钙通道阻滞剂（CCB）来治疗动脉高血压。本研究调查了1981年至1990年间法国图卢兹大学医院抗高血压药物的副作用。大多数副作用涉及ACEI（45%）、CCB（22%）和利尿剂（18%）。中枢性抗高血压药物和β受体阻滞剂分别导致8%和9%的副作用。在这10年中，我们医院（3300张床位）报告了197例副作用。其中一些副作用更常见：ACEI导致肾功能不全（15%）或咳嗽（9%），CCB导致便秘（3%）、牙龈炎（1%）或下肢水肿（4.5%），中枢性抗高血压药物导致溶血性或自身免疫性贫血（2.5%）和意识模糊状态（1.5%），普萘洛尔导致噩梦（1.5%）。最常见的副作用是皮肤（20%）、水电解质（10%）和神经精神（9.6%）紊乱。尽管这类研究存在方法学问题（回顾性评估、副作用报告不足以及不同的归因评分），但这些数据表明了二十世纪八十年代抗高血压药物最常观察到的副作用。这使得能够估计这些副作用的大致发生率：在抗高血压药物中，CCB和利尿剂似乎较少引发所报告的副作用。
