Klein E
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1978 Nov;347:131-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01579318.
Special procedures are: (1) Short-term treatment with steroid hormones; (2) antithyroid substances; (3) radioactive iodine; (4) operation. The first two methods are complementary to the definitive procedures of isotope and surgical therapy. The indications conform to the age of the patient and the size of the goiter. The treatment of choice in 60% of all cases is radioactive iodine; 20-25% are treated with antithyroid substances only for several years. The remaining cases, complicated by goiters of size II and more, should be handled surgically. Discussion based on personal experience with 3580 cases over 20 years).
（1）短期使用类固醇激素；（2）抗甲状腺物质；（3）放射性碘；（4）手术。前两种方法是同位素和手术治疗等确定性治疗方法的补充。适应证取决于患者年龄和甲状腺肿大小。所有病例中60%的首选治疗方法是放射性碘；20 - 25%仅用抗甲状腺物质治疗数年。其余病例，伴有二级及以上甲状腺肿并发症的，应进行手术治疗。（基于20年3580例个人经验的讨论）
