Ruf B, Schürmann D, Bergmann F, Schüler-Maué W, Grünewald T, Gottschalk H J, Witt H, Pohle H D
2nd Department of Internal Medicine (Department of Infectious Diseases), Rudolf Virchow University Hospital, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1993 May;12(5):325-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01964427.
The efficacy and safety of 25 mg pyrimethamine plus 500 mg sulfadoxine given twice a week in preventing relapses of AIDS-related toxoplasmic encephalitis was evaluated in an open study. The 56 HIV-infected patients evaluated had responded to intensive treatment with pyrimethamine/clindamycin prior to starting the present prophylactic regimen. Four patients (7 %) experienced relapse while on pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. The probability of freedom from relapse was > 90% for 12 months and > 80% for 24 months. Side effects comprised mild or moderate allergic reactions which occurred in 23 patients (41 %), leading to discontinuation in four patients (7%). Forty-nine of the 56 patients did not have a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and did not receive antiparasitic prophylaxis other than pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine; two of them (4 %) developed pneumocystosis. The probability of freedom from pneumocystosis was about 90 % for 24 months. Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine twice a week appears to be a promising regimen for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis, and also appears to provide protection against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Although allergic reactions are usually mild and disappear on continuation, they may limit the value of this regimen.
在一项开放性研究中，评估了每周两次服用25毫克乙胺嘧啶加500毫克磺胺多辛预防艾滋病相关弓形虫性脑炎复发的疗效和安全性。参与评估的56名感染HIV的患者在开始当前预防方案之前，对乙胺嘧啶/克林霉素强化治疗有反应。4名患者（7%）在服用乙胺嘧啶/磺胺多辛期间出现复发。12个月时无复发的概率>90%，24个月时>80%。副作用包括23名患者（41%）出现的轻度或中度过敏反应，导致4名患者（7%）停药。56名患者中有49名没有卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎病史，除乙胺嘧啶/磺胺多辛外未接受其他抗寄生虫预防治疗；其中2名患者（4%）发生了肺孢子虫病。24个月时无肺孢子虫病的概率约为90%。每周两次服用乙胺嘧啶/磺胺多辛似乎是预防弓形虫性脑炎的一种有前景的方案，而且似乎也能预防卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎。虽然过敏反应通常较轻，持续用药后会消失，但它们可能会限制该方案的价值。
