Robertson L C, Prior S, Apperson C S, Irby W S
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7613.
J Med Entomol. 1993 Jul;30(4):689-98. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.4.689.
Larval and adult Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (sensu lato) and Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab) were collected at Falls of the Neuse Lake (Falls Lake) in North Carolina from May 1985 to December 1986. Adult mosquitoes were aspirated weekly from shelters in woodlands adjacent to larval sampling sites. An. quadrimaculatus and Cx. erraticus comprised > 95% of the total number of mosquitoes collected. An. quadrimaculatus adults exhibited vernal and autumnal peaks of abundance during both years. Cx. erraticus adults exhibited several peaks of abundance in summer and early fall of both years. An. quadrimaculatus initiated blood feeding in May and April 1985 and 1986, respectively. Only unfed females were found in late fall and winter. Cx. erraticus initiated blood feeding earlier than An. quadrimaculatus. In 1985, approximately 25% of the females in the first collection in May contained a blood meal, whereas in 1986, approximately 10% of the females in the first collection in April were blood fed. Females of both species ceased blood feeding in late fall. Larvae were sampled on a weekly basis from lake edge, flood plain, and creek edge habitats. Generally, An. quadrimaculatus larvae were most abundant in lake edge and flood plain habitats, whereas Cx. erraticus larvae were most abundant in the creek edge habitat. The population dynamics of An. quadrimaculatus were associated with seasonal changes in the level of Falls Lake. In 1985 and 1986, the level of Falls Lake gradually declined from May to mid-August until heavy rainfall caused a 1-m rise in lake level. Populations of An. quadrimaculatus larvae and adults increased significantly following the rise in the level of Falls Lake. In contrast, the abundance of larval and adult Cx. erraticus decreased with rising lake levels in late August. Water level management should be an effective method for controlling populations of An. quadrimaculatus but not for Cx. erraticus. Blood-fed mosquitoes were tested to identify bloodmeal hosts using both capillary precipitin and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. An. quadrimaculatus (n = 941) predominantly (99%) fed on mammals, principally white-tailed deer and horses. Cx. erraticus (n = 348) exhibited an opportunistic host-feeding pattern; blood meals were taken from mammalian (49%), reptile or amphibian (20%), and avian (31%) hosts.
1985年5月至1986年12月期间，在北卡罗来纳州的纽斯湖瀑布（瀑布湖）采集了四斑按蚊（广义）幼虫和成虫以及迷走库蚊。每周从幼虫采样点附近林地的遮蔽处用吸虫器采集成年蚊子。四斑按蚊和迷走库蚊占采集到的蚊子总数的95%以上。在这两年中，四斑按蚊成虫在春季和秋季出现数量高峰。迷走库蚊成虫在这两年的夏季和初秋出现了几个数量高峰。四斑按蚊分别于1985年5月和1986年4月开始吸血。在深秋和冬季只发现未吸血的雌蚊。迷走库蚊开始吸血的时间比四斑按蚊早。1985年，5月首次采集的雌蚊中约25%有血餐，而1986年，4月首次采集的雌蚊中约10%有血餐。两种蚊子的雌蚊在深秋停止吸血。每周从湖边、洪泛平原和溪流边缘栖息地采集幼虫。一般来说，四斑按蚊幼虫在湖边和洪泛平原栖息地最为丰富，而迷走库蚊幼虫在溪流边缘栖息地最为丰富。四斑按蚊的种群动态与瀑布湖水位的季节性变化有关。1985年和1986年，瀑布湖水位从5月到8月中旬逐渐下降，直到暴雨导致湖水位上升1米。瀑布湖水位上升后，四斑按蚊幼虫和成虫数量显著增加。相比之下，8月下旬，随着湖水位上升，迷走库蚊幼虫和成虫数量减少。水位管理应该是控制四斑按蚊种群的有效方法，但对迷走库蚊无效。对吸食血液的蚊子进行检测，使用毛细管沉淀素和酶联免疫吸附试验来确定血餐宿主。四斑按蚊（n = 941）主要（99%）以哺乳动物为食，主要是白尾鹿和马。迷走库蚊（n = 348）表现出机会主义的宿主取食模式；血餐来自哺乳动物（49%）、爬行动物或两栖动物（20%）和鸟类（31%）宿主。
