Koehler K G, Steigerwald F
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977 Jan;34(1):51-5. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770130053005.
Diagnostic rates of routine hospital first and total admissions in various categories of functional mental illness in three strongly Schneider-oriented German psychiatric clinics over 40 years were examined. No matter how centers and categories were compared, statistically significant inconsistency was almost always found. Only first admissions for schizophrenia and mania in Munich and Heidelberg, as well as total schizophrenic admissions in Munich and Homburg/Saar, showed no significant diagnostic differences. However, from a practical point of view, actual percentage differences found in schizophrenia and mania were really not that great; indeed, rather similar diagnostic rates were apparent. This was in contrast to actual large percentage discrepancies shown between Munich on the one hand and Heidelberg and Homburg/Saar on the other with respect to manic-depressive illness and psychotic depression.
对德国三家严重倾向于施奈德理论的精神病诊所40年来各类功能性精神疾病的常规医院首次入院和总入院诊断率进行了检查。无论对中心和类别如何进行比较，几乎总能发现具有统计学意义的不一致性。只有慕尼黑和海德堡的精神分裂症和躁狂症首次入院病例，以及慕尼黑和洪堡/萨尔的精神分裂症总入院病例，没有显示出显著的诊断差异。然而，从实际角度来看，精神分裂症和躁狂症中发现的实际百分比差异实际上并没有那么大；事实上，明显存在相当相似的诊断率。这与慕尼黑与海德堡以及洪堡/萨尔在躁狂抑郁症和精神病性抑郁症方面实际显示出的巨大百分比差异形成了对比。
