Occhipinti K A, Frankel S D, Hricak H
Department of Radiology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1993 Sep;31(5):1115-32.
CT and MR imaging can both contribute valuable clinical information in women with benign and malignant ovarian masses; the superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities provided by MR imaging make it a valuable tool to evaluate the normal ovary, polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, and disorders of sexual differentiation. CT is currently the recommended modality to stage ovarian carcinoma, and peritoneal implants as small as 5 mm can be visualized. With the addition of contrast-enhanced images to conventional MR sequences, however, improved visualization of intratumoral architecture has also allowed for accurate MR characterization of benign versus malignant ovarian masses. Fat saturation techniques used with conventional MR sequences can also be used for definitive characterization of benign fat-containing teratomas and differentiate these tumors from hemorrhagic ovarian cysts or endometriomas. Finally, the detailed visualization of the normal-sized ovary on MR images provided by both the body coil and the new phased-array coil allows detection of the normal ovaries, ovarian follicles, and ovarian cysts throughout the premenopausal and postmenopausal years. Findings of polycystic ovarian syndrome, which cannot be evaluated by CT, are characteristic on MR images. MR is unparalleled in the evaluation of disorders of sexual differentiation because MR images can depict ectopic and normally positioned gonads and provide multiplanar depiction of the other pelvic organs and perineum as well. CT and MR imaging can provide valuable and specific clinical information about the ovary and benign and malignant ovarian disease.
CT和磁共振成像（MR）均能为患有良性和恶性卵巢肿块的女性提供有价值的临床信息；MR成像所具备的卓越软组织对比度和多平面成像能力使其成为评估正常卵巢、多囊卵巢、子宫内膜异位症以及性分化异常的重要工具。CT目前是卵巢癌分期的推荐检查方式，小至5毫米的腹膜种植转移灶都能被显示出来。然而，在传统MR序列中加入增强图像后，肿瘤内部结构的可视化得到改善，这也使得对卵巢良恶性肿块进行准确的MR特征性诊断成为可能。与传统MR序列一起使用的脂肪抑制技术还可用于对含脂肪的良性畸胎瘤进行明确的特征性诊断，并将这些肿瘤与出血性卵巢囊肿或子宫内膜瘤区分开来。最后，体线圈和新型相控阵线圈所提供的MR图像能清晰显示正常大小的卵巢，从而在整个绝经前和绝经后阶段检测出正常卵巢、卵泡及卵巢囊肿。多囊卵巢综合征的表现无法通过CT评估，但在MR图像上具有特征性。MR在评估性分化异常方面具有无可比拟的优势，因为MR图像能够描绘异位和正常位置的性腺，并提供盆腔其他器官和会阴的多平面图像。CT和MR成像可为卵巢以及卵巢良恶性疾病提供有价值且具特异性的临床信息。
