Krapat R, Schnorr B, Kressin M
Institut für Veterinär-Anatomie, -Histologie und -Embryologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Deutschland.
Ann Anat. 1993 Aug;175(4):349-56.
The vascular system of the chicken intestine was investigated by corrosion cast, light and electron microscopic methods. In the intestinal villi the "Fontainentyp" is present with a single arteriole rising to the apex and draining into subepithelial capillaries. Occasionally ramifications of the arteriole occur in the upper third of the villi. Another variation is splitting of the arteriole into a capillary net at the base of the villi in the caeca between the regions with and without villi. At the tip, at the margins and at the base of the villi the capillaries fuse into venules, which proceed to the inside and empty into veins. At the base above the propria they form a superficial net with connecting veins arising to an inferior venous plexus below the region of crypts. The submucosal collecting veins descend from short vascular truncs, which originate from the inferior plexus and cross the muscularis mucosae. Elements of a vasoregulatory system like arterio-venous marginal loops, submucosal arterio-venous anastomoses, sphincter-arteries, precapillary sphincters and sphincter-veins well known in the literature are not found in the intestine of the domestic chicken. Therefore arterioles, capillaries and muscle bundles concentric around the veins in the villi seem to take over this function.
采用腐蚀铸型、光镜和电镜方法对鸡肠道的血管系统进行了研究。在肠绒毛中存在“Fontainentyp”，即有一条小动脉上升至顶端并汇入上皮下毛细血管。偶尔，小动脉在绒毛上三分之一处会出现分支。另一种变异情况是，在盲肠中绒毛有无区域之间的绒毛基部，小动脉会分裂成毛细血管网。在绒毛的顶端、边缘和基部，毛细血管汇合成小静脉，小静脉向内侧延伸并汇入静脉。在固有层上方的基部，它们形成一个浅网，连接静脉通向隐窝区域下方的下静脉丛。黏膜下集合静脉从短的血管干下行，这些血管干起源于下静脉丛并穿过黏膜肌层。文献中熟知的血管调节系统的组成部分，如动静脉边缘环、黏膜下动静脉吻合、括约肌动脉、毛细血管前括约肌和括约肌静脉，在家鸡肠道中未发现。因此，绒毛中围绕静脉同心排列的小动脉、毛细血管和肌束似乎承担了这一功能。
