Zhang S X, Schmidt H M
Anatomisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Deutschland.
Ann Anat. 1993 Aug;175(4):381-4. doi: 10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80048-8.
Ninety adult upper extremities from human cadavers were used to study the patterns of the subcutaneous veins in the dorsum of the hand, with careful dissection and measurement under magnification. In our series, the distribution of the veins was not symmetrical in the dorsum of the hand. In 83.3% of the cases, the veins were arranged in two groups, radial and ulnar, above the transverse midline of the dorsum. The area between these two groups, corresponding to the proximal halves of the second metacarpal bone, the second intermetacarpal space and the third metacarpal bone, might be called "vein lacking area". Crossing branches of veins were found in all cases. There were on average three crossing branches in each case, and their internal diameters were 0.9 +/- 0.2 mm. This study established that the subcutaneous veins in the dorsum of the hand are arranged in two layers. They communicate freely with the veins in the palmar aspect through the intermetacarpal spaces. The average number of perforating branches was 3.9, and their internal diameters were 1.0 +/- 0.4 mm. The perforating branch in the first intermetacarpal space was wide (internal diameter: 1.8 +/- 0.3 mm) and very constant (appearance rate: 100%). This branch may be the most important communication between the superficial and deep veins. We found the venous values in 70.0% of the perforating branches, which prevent the blood flowing from the dorsum to the palm.
使用90例成人尸体的上肢，通过在放大条件下仔细解剖和测量，研究手背皮下静脉的形态。在我们的研究系列中，手背静脉的分布不对称。在83.3%的病例中，静脉在背侧横中线以上分为桡侧和尺侧两组。这两组之间的区域，对应于第二掌骨近端的一半、第二掌骨间隙和第三掌骨，可称为“静脉缺失区”。所有病例均发现有静脉交叉分支。每个病例平均有三个交叉分支，其内径为0.9±0.2毫米。本研究证实，手背皮下静脉分为两层。它们通过掌骨间隙与手掌侧的静脉自由相通。穿支的平均数量为3.9个，其内径为1.0±0.4毫米。第一掌骨间隙的穿支较宽（内径：1.8±0.3毫米）且非常恒定（出现率：100%）。该分支可能是浅静脉和深静脉之间最重要的交通支。我们在70.0%的穿支中发现了静脉瓣，可防止血液从手背流向手掌。
