Lake C L
Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908.
Infusionsther Transfusionsmed. 1993 Jun;20(3):104-10. doi: 10.1159/000222821.
Monitoring of the anesthetized patient, the anesthesia machine, and the patient-machine interface is an essential component of anesthetic practice in order to prevent anesthetic-related injuries resulting from equipment failure or human error. While the optimal monitor to detect anesthetic problems (hypoxia, esophageal intubation, hemodynamic compromise, for example) is unclear at present, American standards require continuous presence of qualified personnel who evaluate patient oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, and temperature. A common monitoring array includes electrocardiogram, autosphygmomanometer, pulse plethysmography/oximetry, stethoscope, anesthetic gas analyzer, thermistor, and nerve stimulator. The role of emerging technologies, including transesophageal echocardiography, automated electrocardiographic analysis of ST segments, transcranial Doppler, and transcranial near infrared spectroscopy are discussed.
对麻醉患者、麻醉机以及患者与机器的接口进行监测是麻醉实践的重要组成部分，目的是预防因设备故障或人为失误导致的与麻醉相关的损伤。虽然目前尚不清楚用于检测麻醉问题（例如低氧、食管插管、血流动力学不稳定）的最佳监测设备是什么，但美国标准要求始终有合格人员在场，对患者的氧合、通气、循环和体温进行评估。常见的监测组合包括心电图、自动血压计、脉搏容积描记法/血氧测定法、听诊器、麻醉气体分析仪、热敏电阻和神经刺激器。文中还讨论了一些新兴技术的作用，包括经食管超声心动图、ST段自动心电图分析、经颅多普勒和经颅近红外光谱技术。
