Gullone E, King N J
School of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
J Genet Psychol. 1993 Jun;154(2):137-53. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1993.9914728.
This article reports the findings of a normative fear investigation involving a sample of 918 Australian children and adolescents, ranging in age from 7-18 years. The Fear Survey Schedule for Children and Adolescents-II (FSSC-II) was administered to determine self-reported prevalence, intensity, and content of fear. Consistent with past research, girls generally reported significantly higher levels of fearfulness than boys. Age differences also were found; younger children reported a higher intensity and a greater number of fears than older children and adolescents. Qualitative differences in normative fear were found, with younger children reporting more animal fears and older children reporting more fears relating to social evaluation or psychic stress. Significantly, although the specific content of children's and adolescents' normative fears in the 1990s (as compared with the 1960s) has changed (now including fear of AIDS and of nuclear war), the fears found to be most prevalent continue to relate to death and danger. These findings are discussed within the context of the prepotency and preparedness concepts of fear.
本文报告了一项针对918名澳大利亚儿童和青少年（年龄在7至18岁之间）的标准恐惧调查结果。采用儿童和青少年恐惧调查问卷第二版（FSSC-II）来确定自我报告的恐惧发生率、强度和内容。与过去的研究一致，女孩报告的恐惧程度总体上显著高于男孩。还发现了年龄差异；年幼儿童报告的恐惧强度更高，恐惧数量也比年长儿童和青少年更多。发现了标准恐惧的质性差异，年幼儿童报告的动物恐惧更多，而年长儿童报告的与社会评价或精神压力相关的恐惧更多。值得注意的是，尽管20世纪90年代（与60年代相比）儿童和青少年标准恐惧的具体内容有所变化（现在包括对艾滋病和核战争的恐惧），但最普遍的恐惧仍然与死亡和危险有关。这些发现将在恐惧的优势性和准备性概念的背景下进行讨论。
