Boström G, Hallqvist J, Haglund B J, Romelsjö A, Svanström L, Diderichsen F
Karolinska Institute, Department of Social Medicine, Kronan Health Centre, Sundbyberg, Sweden.
Scand J Soc Med. 1993 Jun;21(2):77-82. doi: 10.1177/140349489302100204.
Stockholm Health of the Population Study is a cross-sectional study carried out from 1984-85. Postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and health interviews were used to get information from a sample of 5,199 persons, 18-64 years of age, on health status, risk exposures, healthcare consumption and social factors. Non-participation with respect to the postal questionnaire was 36.8%. With subsequent telephone interviews and an invitation to a health interview, non-participation was reduced to 17.8%. The estimated prevalence of daily smoking increased from 36.1% to 38.7. The non-responders had a higher prevalence of daily smoking in all sub-groups. This effect of the efforts to reduce non-participation differed socially. The prevalence of smoking for men, 40-64 years of age, who were reached by telephone was 60.3%. Male professionals and intermediate non-manual workers, 40-64 years of age reached by telephone had a prevalence of smoking, which was twice as high as for the responders of the questionnaire (62.5 and 26.8%, respectively). In the younger age-group, non-responders had the same socioeconomic pattern in smoking as the responders. Independent of socioeconomic group, there was a tendency of ill or disabled smokers to respond more quickly than healthy smokers. Using a postal questionnaire with a high non-response rate might lead to an overestimation of socioeconomic differences and an underestimation of smoking prevalence.
斯德哥尔摩人群健康研究是一项于1984 - 1985年开展的横断面研究。通过邮寄问卷、电话访谈和健康访谈，从5199名年龄在18 - 64岁的样本人群中获取有关健康状况、风险暴露、医疗消费和社会因素的信息。邮寄问卷的未参与率为36.8%。在后续的电话访谈以及邀请参加健康访谈后，未参与率降至17.8%。每日吸烟的估计患病率从36.1%升至38.7%。在所有亚组中，未回应者的每日吸烟患病率更高。减少未参与情况的努力所产生的这种影响在社会层面存在差异。通过电话联系到的40 - 64岁男性的吸烟患病率为60.3%。通过电话联系到的40 - 64岁男性专业人员和中级非体力劳动者的吸烟患病率是问卷回应者的两倍（分别为62.5%和26.8%）。在较年轻的年龄组中，未回应者在吸烟方面的社会经济模式与回应者相同。无论社会经济群体如何，患病或残疾的吸烟者比健康吸烟者有更快回应的趋势。使用未回应率高的邮寄问卷可能会导致对社会经济差异的高估以及对吸烟患病率的低估。
