Rice V J, Snyder H L
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Aug;64(8):717-25.
The majority of antihistamines have sedative effects; however, it is claimed that Hismanal (astemizole) does not possess central nervous system side effects. A three-factor, repeated measures, double-blind design was used to compare the effects of singl oral doses of 1) Benadryl (diphenhydramine), 50 mg; 2) Hismanal, 10 mg; and 3) placebo, on two mood scales, physiological measures, sleepiness, the ability to detect ingestion of an antihistamine versus placebo, and symptoms in 28 healthy men. Higher tension, greater fatigue, and lower activity levels were reported post-Benadryl (p < 0.05). Lower vigor-activity and higher confusion-bewilderment post-Hismanal and Benadryl were noted 1 h postingestion (p < 0.05), with confusion being lower and activity higher for Hismanal than for Benadryl (p < 0.05). Low vigor-activity, high confusion, and increased sleepiness post-Benadryl persisted for 3 h, while fatigue-inertia persisted for 7 h (p < 0.05). Results suggest that Hismanal is superior to Benadryl for avoidance of subjective effects; however, neither antihistamine was entirely devoid of subjective effects.
大多数抗组胺药都有镇静作用；然而，有人声称息斯敏（阿司咪唑）不具有中枢神经系统副作用。采用三因素重复测量双盲设计，比较单次口服50毫克苯海拉明、10毫克息斯敏和安慰剂对28名健康男性的两种情绪量表、生理指标、嗜睡程度、辨别服用抗组胺药与安慰剂的能力以及症状的影响。服用苯海拉明后，报告显示紧张感增强、疲劳感加剧、活动水平降低（p<0.05）。服药1小时后，服用息斯敏和苯海拉明后活力-活动水平降低、困惑-迷茫感增强（p<0.05），息斯敏引起的困惑感低于苯海拉明，活动水平高于苯海拉明（p<0.05）。服用苯海拉明后活力-活动水平低、困惑感高和嗜睡感增强的情况持续3小时，而疲劳-惰性持续7小时（p<0.05）。结果表明，在避免主观效应方面，息斯敏优于苯海拉明；然而，两种抗组胺药都并非完全没有主观效应。
