Glüer C C, Jergas M, Engelke K, Grampp S, Genant H K
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.
Radiologe. 1993 Aug;33(8):444-51.
Bone densitometry allows for an assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk. Well-established methods include dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and single X-ray absorptiometry (SXA). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Promising innovative techniques include three new X-ray-based approaches: lateral DXA and peripheral QCT for the determination of bone mineral density of the spine and radius, respectively, and morphometric X-ray absorptiometry (MXA) for computerized quantification of vertebral deformities. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR), on the other hand, open up new ways of assessing bone microarchitecture in addition to bone mineral density--without the use of ionizing radiation. These new approaches promise to yield new information on skeletal status. Complementing existing bone densitometry approaches, this may improve fracture risk assessment.
骨密度测定有助于评估骨质疏松性骨折风险。成熟的方法包括双能X线吸收法（DXA）、定量计算机断层扫描（QCT）和单能X线吸收法（SXA）。本文讨论了这些方法的优缺点。有前景的创新技术包括三种基于X线的新方法：分别用于测定脊柱和桡骨骨密度的侧位DXA和外周QCT，以及用于计算机化定量椎体畸形的形态计量X线吸收法（MXA）。另一方面，定量超声（QUS）和定量磁共振（QMR）除了可评估骨密度外，还开辟了评估骨微结构的新途径——无需使用电离辐射。这些新方法有望提供有关骨骼状态的新信息。作为现有骨密度测定方法的补充，这可能会改善骨折风险评估。
