Stark J M
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-2899.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 1993 Jun;5(3):273-80. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199306000-00005.
Airway infections in children is a considerably broad topic. This discussion focuses on several common nonbacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. In addition, the occurrence of two important bacterial causes of lower respiratory illness (Bordetella pertussis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is increasing. This review focuses on current information on the prophylaxis, treatment, and diagnosis of these agents. Finally, consideration is given to infections in immunocompromised children: the effects of respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunosuppressed transplant patients, and prevention and diagnosis of opportunistic infections (including Pneumocystis carinii) in children with human immunodeficiency virus.
儿童气道感染是一个相当宽泛的话题。本讨论聚焦于儿童下呼吸道感染的几种常见非细菌性病因，包括呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体。此外，两种导致下呼吸道疾病的重要细菌病因（百日咳博德特氏菌和结核分枝杆菌）的发病率正在上升。本综述着重介绍有关这些病原体的预防、治疗和诊断的当前信息。最后，还考虑了免疫功能低下儿童的感染情况：免疫抑制的移植患者中呼吸道合胞病毒感染的影响，以及感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的儿童中机会性感染（包括卡氏肺孢子虫）的预防和诊断。
