Wada M
Department of Hygiene, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1993 Aug;48(3):707-20. doi: 10.1265/jjh.48.707.
To clarify the relationship between water pollution and bacterial flora in rivers, 132 samples of river water were collected at eleven stations of the Chikuma-Sai river system from April 1985 to March 1986, and 29 biological-physicochemical examinations for indices of water pollution were done using these samples. Species and genus of bacteria in 485 isolates from bacterial flora were identified. Although variations of bacterial flora were seen among sampling stations and sampling seasons, most isolated bacteria were Gram-negative (96.7-100%) with Pseudomonas (25.0-90.0%), Acinetobacter (0-43.8%) and Aeromonas (0-12.5%) occurring predominantly. The principal-component analysis of the data from water pollution indices indicated that the water pollution could be divided into two groups: One was categorized as organic pollution because of the strong relationship to the total plate count, the Bacillus number, coliforms, yeast and dissolved oxygen; the other as visible pollution because of strong relationship to transparency, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. Cluster analysis was applied to 19 indices of water pollution with strong relationships to the river pollution, indicating that five stages of river water pollution could be shown visually. The studies on the relationship between water pollution and bacterial flora in river showed that Pseudomonas, the coliform group, Pasteurella, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Achromobacter and Bacillus were strongly related to the organic pollution, and Flavobacterium, Moraxella and Pseudomonas (non-growth on MacConkey agar) to the visible pollution. It seemed that the more organic substances exceeded the capacity for self-purification of the river, the more the bacterial populations of Aeromonas, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas and the coliform group increased.
为阐明河流中水污染与细菌菌群之间的关系，于1985年4月至1986年3月在千曲-犀川河水系的11个站点采集了132份河水样本，并使用这些样本进行了29次水污染指标的生物物理化学检测。对细菌菌群中485株分离菌的细菌种类和属进行了鉴定。尽管在采样站点和采样季节之间观察到细菌菌群的变化，但大多数分离细菌为革兰氏阴性菌（96.7-100%），主要为假单胞菌属（25.0-90.0%）、不动杆菌属（0-43.8%）和气单胞菌属（0-12.5%）。水污染指标数据的主成分分析表明，水污染可分为两组：一组因与总菌数、芽孢杆菌数、大肠菌群、酵母菌和溶解氧有很强的相关性而被归类为有机污染；另一组因与透明度、化学需氧量和悬浮固体有很强的相关性而被归类为可见污染。对与河流污染有很强相关性的19项水污染指标进行了聚类分析，表明可以直观地显示出河水污染的五个阶段。对河流中水污染与细菌菌群关系的研究表明，假单胞菌属、大肠菌群、巴斯德菌属、气单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、无色杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属与有机污染密切相关，而黄杆菌属、莫拉菌属和假单胞菌属（在麦康凯琼脂上不生长）与可见污染密切相关。似乎有机物质超过河流自净能力越多，气单胞菌属、巴斯德菌属、假单胞菌属和大肠菌群的细菌数量增加得就越多。
