Gaweda E, Mroczek J
Centralnego Instytutu Ochrony Pracy, Warszawie.
Med Pr. 1993;44(2):161-8.
Tin, silver and tungsten constitute serious threat to the health of the employees of Polish industry. As no standard methods for determination of those metals in the atmospheres of workplaces were available, measurements of their concentrations in the workplace atmospheres were not performed, and, therefore, determination of the resultant risks to the health of the people exposed to those metals was not possible. A spectrophotometric method of determination has been developed for tin, which is based on the formation of coloured Sn(IV)--pyrocatechine complexes in the dilute sulfuric and citric acid medium in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (absorbance determined at lambda = 600 nm). The detectability of the method is 0.5 mg/m3. To ensure the selectivity of the method in the presence of foreign cations and acid anions. Sn should be pre-separated from the disturbing ions by the extraction method. For silver determination, a method using atomic absorption spectrometry with air-C2H2 flame has been developed. The detectability of the method is 0.005 mg/m3. The presence of cations of other metals or of acid anions does not affect the results obtained with this method. The new-developed method of tungsten determination involves reaction with calcium thiocyanate in HCl medium in the presence of stannous chloride, followed by assessing the tungsten complex, pre-extracted with izoamyl, alcohol, by spectrophotometry at lambda = 405 nm. This method enables determination of 1 mg/m3 tungsten. The results are affected only by the presence of Mo in quantities exceeding 4 mg/m3 and Al in quantities exceeding 2 mg/m3.
锡、银和钨对波兰工业员工的健康构成严重威胁。由于没有可用于测定工作场所空气中这些金属的标准方法，因此未对工作场所空气中它们的浓度进行测量，进而无法确定接触这些金属的人员所面临的健康风险。已开发出一种测定锡的分光光度法，该方法基于在稀硫酸和柠檬酸介质中，在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵存在下形成有色的Sn(IV)-邻苯二酚络合物（在λ = 600 nm处测定吸光度）。该方法的检测限为0.5 mg/m³。为确保该方法在存在外来阳离子和酸根阴离子时的选择性，应通过萃取法将锡与干扰离子预先分离。对于银的测定，已开发出一种使用空气 - 乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法的方法。该方法的检测限为0.005 mg/m³。其他金属阳离子或酸根阴离子的存在不影响用此方法获得的结果。新开发的钨测定方法包括在盐酸介质中，在氯化亚锡存在下与硫氰酸钙反应，然后通过用异戊醇预先萃取后，在λ = 405 nm处用分光光度法评估钨络合物。该方法能够测定1 mg/m³的钨。结果仅受钼含量超过4 mg/m³和铝含量超过2 mg/m³的影响。
