[Pyelonephritis and kidney transplantation].

In immunocompromised subjects pyelonephritis is not more frequent than in healthy subjects and has the same clinical presentation. This is not true for kidney transplant recipients, in whom the physician is faced with fever of unknown origin. However, diagnosis of urinary tract infection is soon made by dipstick and confirmed by the laboratory finding of leucocyturia and bacteriuria. Degradation of renal function indicates that the renal tissue is infected. Treatment must be immediate and prolonged during four weeks. Return to normal renal function is then the rule.