Shain D H, Sindt M H, Grant R J, Klopfenstein T J, Stock R A
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908.
J Anim Sci. 1993 May;71(5):1266-75. doi: 10.2527/1993.7151266x.
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3% soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7% supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P < .01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates (43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4% fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows.
进行了四项试验以评估大豆皮、大豆卵磷脂和皂脚混合物对瘤胃纤维和蛋白质消化、肉牛犊生长效率以及奶牛泌乳性能的影响。最初的混合试验确定，可按大豆卵磷脂与皂脚15%（重量/重量，干物质基础）的比例（干物质基础）添加到大豆皮中，该混合物具有可接受的混合和处理特性。在日粮中添加85%大豆皮、12%大豆卵磷脂和3%皂脚的混合物（干物质基础；SLS）以提供0%、3%、5%或7%的补充脂肪，导致瘤胃中性洗涤纤维原位消化率呈线性下降（P <.01），对粗蛋白消化率无影响。随着SLS分级水平替代玉米谷物，生长肉牛犊的日增重、干物质采食量和饲料效率（增重千克数/干物质采食量千克数）不受影响（P >.10）。然而，随着SLS分级水平替代大豆皮，日增重和饲料效率呈线性增加（P <.01）。基于这些试验结果，给荷斯坦奶牛饲喂四种等氮等能日粮，分别含有高水平的非纤维碳水化合物（43%）且不添加脂肪、1%瘤胃惰性脂肪、6%水平的SLS或12%的SLS水平（均以干物质计）。对于日粮干物质中SLS含量为6%的奶牛，4%脂肪校正乳生产效率（产奶千克数/干物质采食量千克数）最高。SLS混合物是纤维和植物脂肪的优质来源，在饲喂价值上与玉米谷物相当，可用于肉牛犊和奶牛的日粮中。
