Yen P T, Herman P, Tran Ba Huy P
Laboratoire d'Otologie Expérimentale, Faculté Lariboisière, Université Paris, France.
Acta Otolaryngol. 1993 May;113(3):358-63. doi: 10.3109/00016489309135825.
The role of the middle ear (ME) epithelium is primarily to keep the cavities air-filled and fluid-free. This condition requires elimination of mucus and cellular debris from the tympanic cavity by the ciliary activity. This clearance activity may be related to active ion transport processes in the epithelium. This paper presents a review of the experimental data suggesting the existence of ion transports in ME, and demonstrating the contribution of the culture of ME epithelial cells to the investigation of ion transport properties. Primary cultures of ME epithelial cells from Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were undertaken. Polarized monolayers exhibited domes on non-porous supports. On porous supports, the absorptive function was shown to be related to a Na+ absorption from apical to basal sides of the epithelium, by means of apical amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels and basolateral Na+, K(+)-ATPase. In turn, this sodium absorption would generate an osmotic gradient and drive a water flow. An amiloride-induced chloride transport is also suggested. A hormonal modulation of these ion transport properties might play a role in the development of the mucociliary impairment that initiates chronic otitis media. The establishment of a middle ea cell line using wild-type SV 40 infection is in progress. This might provide further information on the physiology of the ME.
中耳（ME）上皮的作用主要是保持腔隙内充满空气且无液体。这种状态需要通过纤毛活动清除鼓室内的黏液和细胞碎片。这种清除活动可能与上皮中的主动离子转运过程有关。本文综述了实验数据，这些数据表明中耳存在离子转运，并证明了中耳上皮细胞培养对研究离子转运特性的贡献。开展了来自蒙古沙鼠（长爪沙鼠）的中耳上皮细胞原代培养。极化单层在无孔支持物上呈现穹顶状。在多孔支持物上，吸收功能显示与上皮从顶端到基底侧的Na⁺吸收有关，通过顶端氨氯地平敏感的Na⁺通道和基底外侧的Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶。反过来，这种钠吸收会产生渗透梯度并驱动水流。还提示了氨氯地平诱导的氯转运。这些离子转运特性的激素调节可能在引发慢性中耳炎的黏液纤毛功能障碍的发展中起作用。利用野生型SV 40感染建立中耳细胞系的工作正在进行中。这可能会提供有关中耳生理学的更多信息。
