Young-Shumate L, Kramer T, Beresin E
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
Acad Med. 1993 Oct;68(10):792-9. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199310000-00019.
In 1990, 30% of resident physicians were women, and by the year 2010 it is estimated that nearly one-third of all physicians will be women. With the increasing percentage of women residents, pregnancy during residency is a fact of life for most residency programs, yet it continues to provide problems for many programs. The authors comment on much of the literature and discuss the problems and issues surrounding pregnancy during residency, including the effects of pregnancy on the mother and infant as well as the effects of pregnancy on the residency program, the other residents, and the patients. The authors advocate that well-written, specific parental leave policies (for paternal as well as maternal leave) would help alleviate many of these problems. Data obtained from the 1991-92 annual survey of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatry Training indicate that 84% of responding U.S. adult and child psychiatry programs had maternity leave policies, an increase from what previous surveys have indicated. Further national studies, in other specialties, are needed to provide better data on the impact of pregnancy during residency and to help develop more effective parental leave policies.
1990年，住院医师中有30%是女性，据估计到2010年，所有医师中近三分之一将是女性。随着女性住院医师比例的增加，住院实习期间怀孕对大多数住院医师培训项目来说已成为生活中的现实情况，但这对许多项目而言仍然是个问题。作者对大量文献进行了评论，并讨论了住院实习期间与怀孕相关的问题，包括怀孕对母婴的影响以及怀孕对住院医师培训项目、其他住院医师和患者的影响。作者主张制定完善、具体的育儿假政策（包括陪产假和产假）将有助于缓解其中许多问题。从美国精神病学培训主任协会1991 - 1992年度调查获得的数据表明，84%做出回应的美国成人及儿童精神病学项目设有产假政策，这一比例高于以往调查所显示的。还需要在其他专业领域开展进一步的全国性研究，以提供关于住院实习期间怀孕影响的更完善数据，并帮助制定更有效的育儿假政策。
