Novak D, Bützow G H, Becker K
Radiology. 1977 Mar;122(3):623-8. doi: 10.1148/122.3.623.
Fifty hepatic occlusive venograms with the Swan-Ganz balloon catheter were obtained in 20 patients with portal hypertension. The venographic patterns of hepatic veins were divided into four categories: (a) hepatic venous system without visible alterations; (b) slight loss of branching and tapering, no major wall irregularities; (c) considerable loss of branching and tapering and/or marked wall irregularities; and (d) severe reduction of venous tree with severe wall irregularities ("defoliated tree"). These correlated with severity of the disease. The portal venous system was simultaneously opacified in 10 patients. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic collaterals were found in 8. Hepatic occlusion venography is a suitable method for evaluating alterations of the liver outflow tract in portal hypertension.
对20例门静脉高压患者使用Swan - Ganz球囊导管进行了50次肝静脉闭塞造影。肝静脉造影模式分为四类：(a) 肝静脉系统无可见改变；(b) 分支和逐渐变细略有减少，无明显管壁不规则；(c) 分支和逐渐变细明显减少和/或明显管壁不规则；(d) 静脉树严重减少伴严重管壁不规则（“落叶树”）。这些与疾病的严重程度相关。10例患者同时进行了门静脉系统造影。8例发现肝内和肝外 collateral。肝静脉闭塞造影是评估门静脉高压时肝流出道改变的一种合适方法。 （注：collateral此处根据语境推测可能是“侧支循环”之类的医学术语，但原文未完整拼写，按要求未添加解释直接翻译）
