Carotid-cavernous fistula associated with intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the intracranial internal carotid and vertebro-basilar system is extremely rare. A case with diffuse intracranial involvement and an associated carotid-cavernous fistula is presented. The literature is reviewed and the pathogenesis of this complication of FMD is discussed.