[Arthritis in HIV infection. A prospective study of 76 cases in Rwanda].

A 16-month prospective study of adult patients who had been suffering from arthritis for less than one year was conducted in the Internal Medicine department of the hospital of Kigali, Rwanda. Seventy-six patients were included in the study. Out of 72 patients whose sera were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 52 were positive, this being 72.2 percent compared with the 20.7 percent figure observed in the urban population of adults in Rwanda. Two main groups arthropathies were individualized: septic arthritis (24 patients including 19 seropositive subjects) and inflammatory rheumatism with criteria of spondyloarthropathies in some of them (34 patients, 32 tested, 28 serum positive). Thus, the finding of acute arthritis in a region with high HIV infection prevalence should suggest a possible HIV infection, especially when the arthritis itself is suggestive of this diagnosis.