Lechner A J
J Appl Physiol. 1976 Aug;41(2):168-73. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.2.168.
To examine the adaptations to low O2 and high CO2 among fossorial and nonfossorial rodents, hematological parameters were determined for laboratory rats, the valley pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) from 250 m, and the mountain pocket gopher (T. umbrinus melanotis) from 3150 m. Hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and O2 capacity were higher in pocket gophers than in rats. Blood PO2 at 50% saturation and pH 7.4 was 33 mmHg for both gophers and 39 mmHg for rats. Bohr factors for all three rodents were similar (-0.55 to -0.61) but buffer value, delta log PCO2/delta pH, was -2.54 for T. umbrinus, -1.97 for T. bottae, and -0.98 for Rattus. Concentrations of total acid-soluble phosphates were 50-75% higher in gophers than in rats, while bicarbonate values were within the normal mammalian range. All three rodents had similar myoglobin concentrations in cardiac muscle. Myoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in skeletal muscles (diaphragm, gastrocnemius) of T. umbrinus when compared to T. bottae, and significantly higher in both gophers when compared to rats. These differences may constitute important adaptations to the hypoxia and hypercapnia in burrows; certain of these factors in pocket gophers respond to the additional stress of high altitude hypoxia.
为研究穴居和非穴居啮齿动物对低氧和高二氧化碳环境的适应性，我们测定了实验大鼠、来自海拔250米处的河谷囊鼠（Thomomys bottae）以及来自海拔3150米处的山地囊鼠（T. umbrinus melanotis）的血液学参数。囊鼠的血细胞比容、血红蛋白浓度和氧容量均高于大鼠。两种囊鼠在血氧饱和度50%和pH 7.4时的血液PO2为33 mmHg，大鼠为39 mmHg。三种啮齿动物的玻尔因子相似（-0.55至-0.61），但缓冲值（δlog PCO2/δpH）方面，山地囊鼠为-2.54，河谷囊鼠为-1.97，大鼠为-0.98。囊鼠的总酸溶性磷酸盐浓度比大鼠高50 - 75%，而碳酸氢盐值在正常哺乳动物范围内。三种啮齿动物心肌中的肌红蛋白浓度相似。与河谷囊鼠相比，山地囊鼠骨骼肌（膈肌、腓肠肌）中的肌红蛋白浓度显著更高，与大鼠相比，两种囊鼠的肌红蛋白浓度均显著更高。这些差异可能构成对洞穴中低氧和高碳酸血症的重要适应性；囊鼠中的某些因素对高海拔低氧的额外压力有反应。
