Karlsson E, Larsson L E, Nilsson K
Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ostra Sjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993 Jan;37(1):45-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1993.tb03596.x.
The incidence of postoperative vomiting after squint surgery was studied for two anaesthetic techniques with and without prophylactic dixyrazine. After induction, anaesthesia was maintained with either fentanyl/pancuronium/nitrous oxide or halothane/nitrous oxide in two randomly selected groups of 58 children each. Half of the children in each group were randomly allocated to receive dixyrazine 0.25 mg kg-1 i.v. after surgery had been completed but before reversal of muscle relaxants or termination of anaesthesia. With prophylactic dixyrazine the incidence of postoperative vomiting was significantly reduced from 69% (20/29) to 21% (6/29) in the fentanyl group and from 45% (13/29) to 10% (3/29) in the halothane group. Without prophylactic dixyrazine, 20 of 29 children in the fentanyl group vomited compared to 13 of 29 in the halothane group (n.s.). Thus, prophylactic dixyrazine reduced the incidence of vomiting in children given either opioid or halothane anaesthesia for squint surgery. In comparable groups avoidance of opioid anaesthetic technique and use of prophylactic dixyrazine resulted in a greatly reduced incidence of vomiting.
研究了两种麻醉技术（使用和不使用预防性地昔帕明）下斜视手术后呕吐的发生率。诱导后，在两组各58名随机选取的儿童中，分别用芬太尼/泮库溴铵/氧化亚氮或氟烷/氧化亚氮维持麻醉。每组中一半的儿童在手术完成后但在肌松药逆转或麻醉结束前随机分配接受静脉注射0.25 mg/kg地昔帕明。使用预防性地昔帕明后，芬太尼组术后呕吐发生率从69%（20/29）显著降低至21%（6/29），氟烷组从45%（13/29）降至10%（3/29）。不使用预防性地昔帕明时，芬太尼组29名儿童中有20名呕吐，氟烷组29名中有13名呕吐（无统计学差异）。因此，预防性地昔帕明降低了斜视手术中接受阿片类药物或氟烷麻醉儿童的呕吐发生率。在可比组中，避免使用阿片类麻醉技术并使用预防性地昔帕明可使呕吐发生率大大降低。
