Recurrent nocardiosis in a renal transplant recipient.

As the case presented here illustrates, nocardiosis, like other infections in which cell-mediated immunity plays a large defensive role, can relapse after apparent cure and occasionally at times remote from the original infection. Although relapse in patients with transplants has been cited as a reason for continued prophylaxis, only a few of these cases are adequately documented. This case supports the advice of those authors who give suppressive antibiotic therapy for the duration of immunosuppression in transplant recipients recovering from infections due to Nocardia sp. Alternatively, many transplant centers are routinely using TMP/SMX chemoprophylaxis in all solid organ transplantations to prevent opportunistic infections with Pneumocystis and Listeria sp. Primary prophylaxis has also been associated with a decreased incidence of nocardial infections.