Wennmo C, Spandow O
Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Helsingborg, Sweden.
Am J Otolaryngol. 1993 Jan-Feb;14(1):38-42. doi: 10.1016/0196-0709(93)90008-u.
The sequela of a temporal bone fracture include hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, and facial nerve injury. A large series of patients with temporal bone fractures are reviewed to correlate mechanism of injury, fracture location, and outcome.
A retrospective analysis of patients evaluated between 1978 and 1987 for temporal bone fractures at two Swedish clinics was undertaken. Assessment of auditory, vestibular, and facial nerve function is reported. Follow up varied from 3 months to 12 years.
A total of 72 temporal bone fractures were encountered. Eleven patients had chain incongruencies, nine of whom were operated on with resultant good hearing. Transverse fractures were associated with severe sensorineural hearing loss while longitudinal fractures frequently were accompanied by ossicular disruption and persistent conductive hearing loss. Patients with vertigo or dizziness frequently had a good prognosis. Facial nerve injury occurred in 14 patients, eight of whom recovered.
Hearing loss following temporal bone fracture reflects the site and mechanism of injury. Transient conductive hearing loss may be due to blood in the middle ear, perforation of the tympanic membrane, or injury to the ossicular chain. Conductive loss persisting 6 to 7 weeks after trauma and exceeding 30 dB is an indication for surgical exploration.
颞骨骨折的后遗症包括听力损失、前庭功能障碍及面神经损伤。回顾大量颞骨骨折患者病例，以关联损伤机制、骨折部位及预后情况。
对1978年至1987年间在瑞典两家诊所接受评估的颞骨骨折患者进行回顾性分析。报告了听觉、前庭及面神经功能评估情况。随访时间从3个月至12年不等。
共发现72例颞骨骨折。11例患者存在听骨链异常，其中9例接受了手术，术后听力良好。横行骨折与严重的感音神经性听力损失相关，而纵行骨折常伴有听骨链中断及持续性传导性听力损失。患有眩晕或头晕的患者预后通常较好。14例患者发生面神经损伤，其中8例恢复。
颞骨骨折后的听力损失反映了损伤部位及机制。短暂的传导性听力损失可能是由于中耳积血、鼓膜穿孔或听骨链损伤所致。外伤后6至7周持续存在且超过30分贝的传导性听力损失是手术探查的指征。
