Goff J P, Horst R L
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010-0070.
J Dairy Sci. 1993 Jan;76(1):101-8. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77328-2.
Milk fever is usually treated by i.v. administration of 8 to 10 g of Ca. Oral Ca salts have been suggested as an alternate treatment for milk fever. In our studies, plasma Ca concentration changes effected by various oral Ca preparations were compared. Solutions were administered by oral drenching of cows, and blood was obtained hourly. Calcium chloride increased plasma Ca better than Ca propionate, which increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate. A CaCl2 gel formulation increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate, but not as well as did Ca propionate. Concentrated solutions of Ca as CaCl2 increased plasma Ca better than diluted solutions. Rumen bypass of Ca salts increased plasma Ca concentration more than when Ca salts were placed into the rumen. Oral administration of 50 g of Ca as CaCl2 raised plasma Ca concentrations to the same extent as 4 g of Ca as CaCl2 given i.v. We also examined effects of oral Ca salts on plasma Ca concentrations of hypocalcemic periparturient cows and found that oral Ca treatment could treat mild cases of hypocalcemia. We also caution that CaCl2 use must be limited because excessive amounts cause severe metabolic acidosis.
乳热通常通过静脉注射8至10克钙来治疗。有人建议口服钙盐作为乳热的替代治疗方法。在我们的研究中，比较了各种口服钙制剂对血浆钙浓度的影响。通过给奶牛口服灌服溶液给药，并每小时采集血液。氯化钙提高血浆钙的效果优于丙酸钙，而丙酸钙提高血浆钙的效果优于碳酸钙。氯化钙凝胶制剂提高血浆钙的效果优于碳酸钙，但不如丙酸钙。氯化钙浓缩溶液提高血浆钙的效果优于稀释溶液。钙盐经瘤胃旁路给药比将钙盐置于瘤胃中时能更有效地提高血浆钙浓度。口服50克氯化钙形式的钙使血浆钙浓度升高的程度与静脉注射4克氯化钙形式的钙相同。我们还研究了口服钙盐对围产期低血钙奶牛血浆钙浓度的影响，发现口服钙治疗可治疗轻度低血钙病例。我们也提醒必须限制氯化钙的使用，因为过量会导致严重的代谢性酸中毒。
