Eysenck S B, Eysenck H J
Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1977 Feb;16(1):57-68. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1977.tb01003.x.
Three questionnaire studies are reported in which sets of items traditionally used to measure impulsiveness were intercorrelated were correlated with measures of the major personality dimensions E (extraversion), N (neuroticism) and P (psychoticism), and also with the L (lie; dissimulation) scale. It It was found that impulsiveness in the broad sense (ImpB) breaks down into four factors (narrow impusliveness or ImpN, risk-taking, non-planning and liveliness) which are replicable from sample to sample and from males to females. These factors are positively correlated with each other and also with sociability to varying degrees. ImpB correlates quite well with extraversion, but even better with psychoticism; ImpN correlates positively with N and P, suggesting that this trait is somewhat pathological. It is suggested that the distinction between ImpB and ImpN is crucial for the discussion of the nature and measurement of extraversion and also for future experimental work on the causal background and experimental testing of impulsive behaviour patterns.
报告了三项问卷调查研究，其中，传统上用于测量冲动性的几组项目相互关联，并与主要人格维度E（外向性）、N（神经质）和P（精神质）的测量指标相关，还与L（说谎；掩饰）量表相关。研究发现，广义的冲动性（ImpB）可分解为四个因素（狭义冲动性或ImpN、冒险、缺乏计划性和活泼性），这些因素在不同样本以及男性和女性样本中均可重复出现。这些因素彼此正相关，并且在不同程度上也与社交性正相关。ImpB与外向性有较好的相关性，但与精神质的相关性更好；ImpN与N和P呈正相关，表明该特质在某种程度上具有病理性。研究表明，ImpB和ImpN之间的区别对于外向性的本质和测量的讨论至关重要，对于未来关于冲动行为模式的因果背景和实验测试的实验工作也至关重要。
